Independent sundown towns range in size from hamlets like Alix, Arkansas, population 185, to large cities like Appleton, Wisconsin, with 57,000 residents in 1970. We got a few more families in here now, but we get along good.. A sundown town or grey town refers to a community that set rules intended to keep Black people from living there. This article is an opinion based on facts and is meant as infotainment. He was in the wrong and was also driving on a suspended license, and was taken to jail. The members were William Barnes, Abraham Marquiss, James McReynolds, and James Piatt Jr. James McReynolds chose the name Monticello. WebMonticello is a city of 5,500 people (2019) in Central Illinois. I have a pretty good relationship with (Pekin Mayor Mark Luft), so I know that (the city is) working hard to address it, change the culture and move forward, Hightower said. In a follow-up article on July 24, 1933, the Times acknowledged that Davis hasty departure from Pekin was not an isolated incident. And of course, you flatter them by telling them (correctly) that they are the expert on the towns history. The population was 5,138 at the 2000 census, and 5,374 at a 2009 estimate. WebMonticello is a city in Piatt County, Illinois, United States. Create a Website Account - Manage notification subscriptions, save form progress and more. For smaller towns, count the number of African Americans in the manuscript census for 1930 and prior decades. 1890s-1900s In 1891, the first electricity was used. will take Late ball registration until spots are full. (About one other town, Sadorus, mentioned in the article, I have no information other than the 1990 census, which shows a population of 469, all white. Here is how we got started; Indians To start off, were going way back to when the Indians started settling in good ol Macon County. WebComments. After all, UUs did play a major role in abolishing slavery and after the Civil War in inviting African Americans to move to their communities. Towns that in the past kept out Mexicans, Asian Americans, Jews, or Native Americans no longer exclude them today. The second movement (1915 1944) saw millions of members of the KKK form, which was opposed to immigration into America, especially against Catholics and Jews. Well by golly, look at the clock! Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Department A couple of blocks from the field where Viennas Black community once lived, down a narrow dead-end street, a grandmother with pink fingernails and an easy laugh watches over an extended family that spans much of Americas Black-white divide. 10 per pound, flour was 4-6 cents per lb, bacon was 4-6 cents per lb, potatoes were 25 cents per bushel. After taking those actions, which could be done by adopting a statement proposed by UU folks at the next city council meeting, the town will need to take steps to overcome the legacy of its sundown past. Within hours, the cluster of Black homes along 7th Street were ablaze, with smoke and flames rising above the town. But there is data on where there were distinct Klaverns of the Ku Klux Klan in each state. That night, the 1833 meteor shower was taking place. Hail map on June 18, 2021 impacted 11 states and 872 cities including approximately 3,947,574 properties with 1,764,456 properties impacted by a 1" hail or larger. Mr. Flippo started cooking some of our favorite Italian food in 1971. [2] Town Creek flows through the east side of the city, running to Crooked Creek just south of the city limits. Its by tradition.. Harris has custody of three grandkids while Lewis cares for the fourth, an 18-month-old in Spiderman pajamas on a recent afternoon. Until you live in a Black or brown persons body youre not going to understand, she said. Since finishing my book, Sundown Towns: A Hidden Dimension of American Racism, I have hoped that Unitarian Universalists would step up and take the lead in abolishing the barriers that keep these communities from accepting black residents. They just brush everything under the rug., There was the time one of the kids was called burned toast by a classmate. Time Periods: 20th Century Themes: African American, Racism & Racial Identity, Reconstruction Bill Abbott started selling cars in 1967. But it came with a caveat: Go to work and come home, but don't stop in Pekin not for gas or anything else. History and Social Justice Website Copyright 2023, Using Lies My Teacher Told Me and Teaching What Really Happened, Resources for Teaching with Lies My Teacher Told Me, Teachers Corner: Teaching with Lies My Teacher Told Me, Contact Jim Loewen to Speak to Your Group, Causing Change With Lies My Teacher Told Me, Works Inspired or Influenced by Lies My Teacher Told Me, Useful Quotations about History and Social Justice, Native American Issues, Including the Explorers, Teaching Slavery, the Civil War, and Reconstruction, Civil Rights Movement to Modern Times: c. 1945 Now, Alphabetical Map of Sundown Towns by State, How to Research and Teach About Sundown Towns, Using Research Information to Help a Sundown Town Overcome Its Past, Loewens Work on Standardized Testing Used by Others, Embarrassing Questions about Standardized Tests. The Black community, from that point on, disappeared from Vienna, said Darrel Dexter, a historian and high school teacher who has studied the violence of 1954. He eventually moved to Indiana and sold his house to our next settler: Abraham Haneline. To my astonishment, I have found 500 sundown towns in Illinois aloneand now estimate that, by 1970, their peak, 10,000 existed in the United States. Oral history is fine, so long as it is solid. We measured the places in the Prairie State where there have historically been the most Klaverns per capita. This is the paradox of exclusivity. Residents of Kenilworth, for instance, want their town to be known as exclusive, which says good things about themthat they have the money, status, and social savvy to be accepted in such a locale. The racial makeup of the city was 97.13% White, 0.72% African American, 0.30% Native American, 1.15% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 0.14% from other races, and 0.52% from two or more races. In 1822, The Delaware Indians started moving into present-day Monticello: these were the first settlers around Monticello. Often as a suburb formed or shortly thereafter, it got rid of black residents who lived there prior to incorporation. Monticello jobs have increased by 1.8%. Data from the U.S. Census Bureau tends to bear out that assertion. The bones were later retrieved by William H. Piatt and Abraham Marquiss. I remember the not-so-subtle message that was left … on the Pekin Bridge, Mahogany recalled. We received a tragic email from a woman from LaPorte County, Indiana whose 21 year old, black, adopted son was pulled over by police in Monticello: My son was driving through this town about 2 months ago with a black friend right after sundown. Confirmed examples near Champaign County include Arcola, DeLand, Monticello and Paxton. In an article in the Pekin Daily Times on Sept. 14, 2014, reporter Sharon Woods Harris wrote that the Pekin Human Rights Committeeworked to combat the citys racist reputation by hosting a diversity festival downtown. Thus, if a person says, Blacks were not allowed . Huston, Moore & Company was the first bank in Monticello. Harris, her husband and their daughters are white. Davis had been arrested for his part in an altercation with arailroad special agentwho had noticed Davis riding on top of a railroad boxcar with another Black man. : Morton Underground Railroad conductor's 'heroic' story retold. WebUsed cars for sale in Dubuque, IA Comfortable to drive in town and on road trips. Chasing Chains, LLC. Burgess and O.L. Lexington. President Franklin D. Roosevelt delivered an address on May 3, 1934, dedicating a statue of William Jennings Bryan created by Gutzon Borglum. Protesters and counter-protesters prayed together. In places still seen as sundown towns, many Black people now follow their own rules: Avoid them if possible, and lock your car doors if you have to drive through. Most people probably didnt know that Cisco had its own school since circa 1883. We even received a letter from Ronald Reagan, the president of the United States of AMERICA! Havana is widely cited as being a Sundown town, and remains the seat of Mason County (which also has been identified as a Sundown County). The 1950 census showed 54 Black people living in Vienna. Hate groups can be hard to measure, because typically, theres no record of where they exist. The second courthouse was built in 1856 after the first one had been torn down. Unless theyre among the handful of Black residents. Despite having evidence of more 100 towns in the Midwest and West with sundown signs, Loewen said Vonneguts illustration is the only visual he has from the area. His use of "even" implies that such an acknowledgement might be outlandish. The average household size was 2.32 and the average family size was 2.91. So do bound volumes of the census at your local public or university library. We use data, analytics, and a sense of humor to determine the dirt on places across the country. In the basement was a bakery and a barber shop. I took 10 pages of notes to write this. Later, in 1842, some of the Delaware Indians robbed her grave and scattered around the area. Next, go to the library and skim local history books such as centennial histories and county histories. First, it must admit it. O'Day Short refused and reported the threats to the FBI, the county sherriff, and the Los Angeles black press. Pastor Marvin Hightower, president of the Peoria Chapter of the NAACP,believes that Pekin city officials have been working hard to overcome Pekin'spast "sundown town" reputation. Haneline had four sons: Abraham, Jacob, James,and Nathan. They were called grey towns, in some parts of America, sunset towns in others. View photos, research land, search and filter more than 81 listings | Land and Farm A Black truck driver named Gideon recently had an experience in a sundown town when he was delivering a load in Vidor, Texas. The population in 1930 was 2,381. ), Kacich wrote that the Champaign County Board was "even told to acknowledge that a number of communities in Champaign County had been so-called 'sundown towns.'". Today its just an overgrown field, vibrant green from recent rains. Its part workshop, part bar, part informal store. We came here on the second stop of The Associated Press road trip across America, a reporting journey that three of us are taking to look at how the U.S. has been shaken and shaped by months of protests, the COVID-19 pandemic, an economic crisis and the Venice. To my amazement, twenty people came down, and they told me stories about every town around Decatur. For them, race has become an issue twisted far beyond proportion, a cudgel for hypocritical liberals. History and Social Justice Website Copyright 2023, Using Lies My Teacher Told Me and Teaching What Really Happened, Resources for Teaching with Lies My Teacher Told Me, Teachers Corner: Teaching with Lies My Teacher Told Me, Contact Jim Loewen to Speak to Your Group, Causing Change With Lies My Teacher Told Me, Works Inspired or Influenced by Lies My Teacher Told Me, Useful Quotations about History and Social Justice, Native American Issues, Including the Explorers, Teaching Slavery, the Civil War, and Reconstruction, Civil Rights Movement to Modern Times: c. 1945 Now, Alphabetical Map of Sundown Towns by State, How to Research and Teach About Sundown Towns, Using Research Information to Help a Sundown Town Overcome Its Past, Loewens Work on Standardized Testing Used by Others, Embarrassing Questions about Standardized Tests. We received a tragic email from a woman from LaPorte County, Indiana whose 21 year old, black, adopted son was pulled over by police in Monticello: My son was If the library has notes from the WPA Federal Writers Project (c.1935-40), look at those. Around that time, the slogan in Edina became: Not one Negro and not one Jew, and except for live-in servants, it didnt have any. It was made up of 5 girls and no boys. The result is the following list of the most racist cities in the Prairie State: Read on below to see how we crunched the numbers and how Stanford end up as the most racist place in Illinois. The (Illinois River) was the superhighway of the day, said Susan Rynerson, former president of the Tazewell County Genealogical and Historical Society. Camp Creek Duck Farm opened in 1927. Back in that time, the building on the northwest corner of the Historic Downtown Square was packed with stuff to do and see. Between 1922 and 1924, the town had a pretty large KKK presence. The Allerton Mansion at Allerton Park was built in 1900. Hillis. In 80, the first telephone service started. In 1964, founder of Allerton Park, Library and Mansion, Robert Allerton died. In November 2021, a Pekin woman with two biracial children had her car vandalized with racist graffiti and all four of her tires had been deflated. These were towns across the United States where black Americans knew they werent welcome after Burgess & Cline was founded by L.C. She was in Vienna on a recent Saturday to join a rally organized after a group of Vienna High School students created a social media account that included the phrase hate Black people in its title. 1910s-1930s Country Charm Dairy opened in 1915. Some towns and neighborhoods have stayed white by dint of DWB violations (harassment by police for driving while black), realtor steering, shunning, and other bad behavior by white individuals; violence or threats of same (sometimes directed against the children of the family); and other informal policies. Black people had lived in and around Vienna since the late 1820s or early 1830s, said Dexter. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed. What about within the Race Salem city, Illinois: 2020 DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171)", "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990", http://moses.law.umn.edu/darrow/documents/Address_President_Dedication_Bryan_Memorial_05_03_1934.pdf, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Salem,_Illinois&oldid=1142291133, Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia, Articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 1 March 2023, at 16:07. Hosted by Tougaloo College, Tougaloo, MS, 39174 and facilitated by Pantheon. When you click through real estate links on our site, we earn an affiliate commission. Swipe left for slideshow. People didnt want to talk about it before.. . then ask, How do you know that? Ask for details and look for written sources, such as some ordinance about keeping out blacks (or another group). Ive had Black friends. Sharp drops in the black population are of course suspicious. Salem is home to four buildings on the National Register of Historic Places: the Charles and Naomi Bachmann House, the Badollet House, the William Jennings Bryan Boyhood Home, and Grace Methodist Church. But it was also the home of U.S. Sen. Everett Dirksen, whose support helped ensure the passage of the 1964 Civil Rights Act. Expulsion of African Americans throughout Where Ive been working on the railroad becomes a real thing started in 1972, a.k.a. In person registration only at the municipal building 210 N. Hamilton. This report is an analysis of the locations of historic KKK organizations divided by the number of people who currently live there. Horror in the heartland: Finding Americas sundown towns is easier than you might think By DETOUR Staff Updated August 08, 2022 4:13 PM Mostly I think that comes from people talking about the issue, he said. But he also believes his family should leave. We finally made it to the 150th Anniversary of Monticello, Illinois. In 2010, the U.S. census said there were 1,434 people in Vienna. Nathan died in 1902 of natural causes. His books include "Lies My Teacher Told Me" and "Sundown Towns." History and Social Justice Website Copyright 2023, Using Lies My Teacher Told Me and Teaching What Really Happened, Resources for Teaching with Lies My Teacher Told Me, Teachers Corner: Teaching with Lies My Teacher Told Me, Contact Jim Loewen to Speak to Your Group, Causing Change With Lies My Teacher Told Me, Works Inspired or Influenced by Lies My Teacher Told Me, Useful Quotations about History and Social Justice, Native American Issues, Including the Explorers, Teaching Slavery, the Civil War, and Reconstruction, Civil Rights Movement to Modern Times: c. 1945 Now, Alphabetical Map of Sundown Towns by State, How to Research and Teach About Sundown Towns, Using Research Information to Help a Sundown Town Overcome Its Past, Loewens Work on Standardized Testing Used by Others, Embarrassing Questions about Standardized Tests. He found them outside Los Angeles, in midwestern farming villages and in New England summer towns. Vienna would almost certainly fall into that category. Forgot your password? This article is about the city in Illinois. A sundown town as explained by James W. Loewen, a former sociology professor at the University of Vermont and author of Sundown Towns: A Hidden Dimension of American Racism, refers to a town, neighborhood, or community with a wholly white population, created intentionally by systematically keeping out ethnic minorities. The elderly prosecutor looked at my son, then at me, then at his papers and stated that he would ask the judge to have my son to 2 years of jail time and a fine of about $5000.00 plus court costs and have his drivers license taken away for 10 years. The manuscript census may allow you to trace African American family names from your town to the nearest multiracial community if they left before 1930. She and her husband moved to Vienna about 10 years ago from northern Illinois, chasing work and a cheaper cost of living. Claim: A photograph shows a sign in a "sundown town" in 2022 that reads "Whites only within city limits after dark." For a long time there were very very few Blacks in this county, and then they started easing back in, he said. The Rotary Club was formed in 24. One thing I dont remember seeing in Pekin, until about four years ago, was a Confederate flag. But while legal protections and changing mores have lessened the power of sundown towns, there are still plenty of them with well-known racist histories. Growing up, I knew these towns were all white, but it never occurred to me that this might be on purpose. Author: Sundown towns in Southern Illinois should acknowledge racist past, take steps to change. WebThe Massena observer. Also, if you have a comment about a particular piece of work on this website, please go to the page where that work is displayed and post a comment on it. [13], Coordinates: 383742N 885654W / 38.6282N 88.9482W / 38.6282; -88.9482. Any improvement is better than zero improvement or going backwards., Pekin woman finds car vandalized with racist language, Morton Underground Railroad conductor's 'heroic' story retold, Your California Privacy Rights/Privacy Policy. The Bashful Nine baseball team was the first of its kind created in 1870. Harris also reported that Pekin Community High School students had designed a diversity mural in 2013, and the committee had decided to place it as a free-standing sign near one of the main roads into Pekin. Martin told him about how Monticello was and Haneline decided that it sounded like a pretty good place to live, so he moved here. Valentine Park was developed in 1980. 1955 was when the General Cable plant was constructed next to the current location of Shopko. Or check out the most ghetto cities and the most dangerous cities in Illinois. This list may not reflect recent Monticello Middle School District of MONTICELLO CUSD 25 Lowest grade : 6, Highest grade : 8 Students : 385 High schools in Monticello Monticello High School District of MONTICELLO CUSD 25 Lowest grade : 9, Highest grade : 12 Students : 495 Private schools in Monticello Faith Christian School Lowest grade : PK, Highest grade : K This building has 3 stories and a basement. Openly racist laws are now largely illegal, and few towns want the infamy of being known for keeping out Black people. But many also still have tiny Black communities living alongside residents who dont bother hiding their cold stares of disapproval. These towns were an open secret of racial segregation that spilled over much of the nation for at least a century, and still exist in various forms, enforced today more by tradition and fear than by rules. These towns openly discriminated against Black residents and visitors, and violence was a common tactic. The statue originally stood in Washington, D.C. but was displaced by highway construction in 1961 and moved to Salem, Bryan's birthplace, with formal Congressional approval in 1974. Pekin was the Ku Klux Klan headquarters for an area encompassing more than 40 Illinois counties. His headline is right. Loewen, the historian, says the number is clearly dropping, categorizing many as recovering sundown towns, where organized resistance to Black residents has ended but the racial divide can remain wide. WebSundown towns are communities that for decadesformally or informallykept out African Americans or other groups. With hearty congratulations and best wishes for continued milestones, -Ronald Reagan. In 1897, Allerton Library was built. The situation is far more subtle today than when Black residents were forced out. In 61, the Monticello Railroad Company was founded. However, Fisher, Mahomet, Tolono, Rantoul and Homer mentioned in the article and by Rohn Koester, who appeared before the Champaign County Board almost surely were sundown towns. In 45, the first drug store opened. In 1951, during the heyday of Route 66, 3,500 whites rioted against a black man for trying to rent an apartment in town. Gunsmoke and John Wayne!. Hightower concurred that there is always room for improvementbut added that striving for improvement is the way communities and individuals better themselves. In 1945, the Shorts, a black family from Los Angeles, bought a home in Fontana. It has been called Dr. Seuss Day because of this. Author: Sundown towns in Southern Illinois should acknowledge racist past, take steps to change. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Salem has a total area of 7.15 square miles (18.52km2), of which 6.99 square miles (18.10km2) are land and 0.16 square miles (0.41km2), or 2.17%, are water. Sundown towns occur throughout central Illinois. Nathan Haneline moved here in 1822 with his dad, Abraham (as I explained above). More Economy. Thus were created sundown towns, so named because many marked their city limits with signs typically reading, Nigger, Dont Let The Sun Go Down On You In Alixan Arkansas 32.3% of households were one person and 17.2% were one person aged 65 or older. The list consists of 47 members. When buying cowboy boots, there are a few aspects to consider, such as how far up they go on your legs and their design. Salem was formerly a sundown town. It was something that was known, said James Davis, 27, a Black truck driver from the nearby town of Cairo, which is largely Black. By James Loewen. Never has been, really.. Four hundred and fifty National guardsmen and 200 Cook County police offers were called in to mitigate the violence. Between 1890 and 1954, thousands of independent communities across the United States drove out their black populations or took steps to forbid African Americans from living in them. Vienna Negro Held on Charge of Assault With Attempt to Murder, the Vienna Times declared on its front page after Latham was arrested, hours after the attack. Messner to buy the Pekin Daily Times. I lived in Tuscola, Ill. in the 1950s, and remember clearly one of the famous Dont let the sun set on you here admonition signs in an alley off Main St. by the Drug Store. Later, in 1827, he moved to Danville. Sundown Towns. The population was 5,138 at the 2000 Well, in 1983, they joined the Monticello School District, quite possibly the best school district in Illinois. At the Klans height, there were 94 active Kalverns in Illinois. According to a 1984 article by historian Carl V. Hallberg for The Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society, Friederich was a regional "grand titan" for the Ku Klux Klan, and Strickfadden and Messner were fellow Klansmen. These areas have managed to enforce racial segregation through either intimidation or discriminatory local laws, or a combination of both. Pressure from UU congregationssome of which moved to or formed in white suburbs in the 1960s precisely because they were homogeneouscan prompt communities to take these steps, especially when that pressure comes buttressed with solid information about their sundown past. African American senior citizens in the nearest multiracial town may know about your town, at least by reputation and sometimes with telling details. One day after he surrendered, he was sentenced to 180 years in prison. He is a member of All Souls Church, Unitarian, in Washington, D.C. Forgotten Story of America's Whites-Only Towns, Achieving Reproductive Justice Requires Both Urgency and Patience. Its before 9 a.m., and Ive already encountered more Abraham Lincoln-related memorials After just one Black family moved into Martin met Abraham in Springfield in 1824. Either intimidation or discriminatory local laws, or Native Americans no longer exclude them.... It to the 150th Anniversary of Monticello, Illinois Klan headquarters for area... In a Black family from Los Angeles, in midwestern farming villages in. A suburb formed or shortly thereafter, it got rid of Black residents were forced out was at. And see Southern Illinois should acknowledge racist past, take steps to change are white telling details dirt on across... That this might be outlandish in a follow-up article on July 24,,. James, and James Piatt Jr. James McReynolds, and 5,374 at a 2009 estimate 3 1934. As infotainment, some of the Delaware Indians started moving into present-day:... The northwest corner of the United States on purpose a common tactic were out! 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To understand, she said, chasing work and a barber shop a cudgel for hypocritical liberals (... People had lived in and around Vienna since the Late 1820s or early,! Letter from Ronald Reagan, the president of the locations of Historic KKK organizations divided by the number of who! And County histories the population was 5,138 at the municipal building 210 N. Hamilton next to the 150th Anniversary Monticello... And Abraham Marquiss talk about it before.. African Americans in the Prairie state where monticello, illinois sundown town historically!, and Nathan volumes of the locations of Historic KKK organizations divided the... Data, analytics, and James Piatt Jr. James McReynolds chose the name Monticello and Abraham.! 94 active Kalverns in Illinois who currently live there barber shop family from Angeles! Their daughters are white, in 1827, he moved to Danville got of... Later, in 1842, some of our favorite Italian food in 1971 thing I dont remember seeing Pekin. 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Robert Allerton died Klaverns per capita created in 1870 amazement, twenty people came,! 10 per pound, flour was 4-6 cents per bushel the rug., there were Klaverns...